Linear Direction, Relation-decoding operator (affine map between representation spaces), Conceptor (soft ellipsoidal region)

Functional Subspace, where language models can use vector algebra to solve problems (2026), The Structure of Relation Decoding Linear Operators in Large Language Models (2025), Steering Large Language Models using Conceptors: Improving Addition-Based Activation Engineering (2024), Function Vectors in Large Language Models (2024), In-Context Learning Creates Task Vectors (2023), Unifying Attention Heads and Task Vectors via Hidden State Geometry in In-Context Learning (2025), Do Different Prompting Methods Yield a Common Task Representation in Language Models? (2025), Mass-Editing Memory in a Transformer (2022), Eliciting Latent Predictions from Transformers with the Tuned Lens (2023)