Angle-Norm Decomposition Steering

Splits a hidden state into a radial component (its norm) and an angular component (a concept score given by its cosine alignment with a unit steering direction, plus an orthogonal residual), then compares steering variants that differ in whether they preserve the original norm, target a specific angular concept score, and/or explicitly rescale the radius — isolating how much of a concept's causal effect rides on angle versus magnitude.